Classes, Objects, and Methods
Define classes, create objects, and organize state with methods.
__init__, __str__, and Properties
Initialize objects, customize string output, and expose controlled attributes.
Inheritance, Iterators, and Polymorphism
Reuse behavior, implement iteration, and design interchangeable objects.
Dataclasses and Value Objects
Use dataclasses for simple records, settings, and validated results.
Composition Over Inheritance
Combine small objects instead of building fragile inheritance trees.